Walt Disney World at 50: A Half-Century of an American Original
Photo: Disney World's Magic Kingdom, August 1, 1972. Photo by Jonathan Blair, courtesy of Getty.
As Walt Disney World turns 50 today, people aren’t just celebrating a half-century of family fun and memories. They’re paying tribute to an absurdly ambitious idea that expanded on one of the greatest artistic achievements of the 20th century, while also recreating the concept of the family vacation. Following Disneyland’s lead, Disney World did as much to break down the walls between art, entertainment, storytelling, and education as anything else in American history, creating a one-of-a-kind experience that remains powerful even throughout constant changes. All the while, it was ultimately not as ambitious as it was originally conceived, while still being more ambitious than it ever needed to be.
In the 1960s what is now known as the Walt Disney Company carved out enough land in the heart of Florida to build its own little city-state. They needed the space: Walt Disney World was never just going to be a theme park. From the start, Walt Disney’s “Florida Project” was envisioned as a transformation of not just how people vacationed, but how they lived. Yes, it’d have an East Coast version of Disneyland, to be called the Magic Kingdom, along with hotels, golf, and other recreational activities. It’d also be the home of a planned community where 20,000 people worked and lived, an intricately designed town that hoped to address issues of sprawl, public transportation, and urban decay that were starting to appear in cities nationwide, and created in cooperation with various companies who would open research and development offices in the new town’s center. The “Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow,” as Walt called it, was the latest—and last—major obsession of a man who revolutionized multiple industries in the restless pursuit of his own dynamic vision.
Walt Disney died in 1966, shortly after revealing Disney World’s impending construction to the public. With Walt gone, his original plans for E.P.C.O.T., highly impractical from the start, were shelved and never seriously pursued. Instead the renamed Walt Disney World would take ideas and concepts pioneered at Disneyland and expand them on a grandiose scale, ultimately creating not just one but four unique theme parks, each with its own gorgeous environments and exciting attractions. Instead of a handful of hotels, Disney World now has over two dozen, most of them uniquely themed and designed. Disney World might not be the home of a small city devoted to making groundbreaking technological achievements, but it did revolutionize the way families vacation and have fun together, while also making breakthroughs in immersive art and storytelling. And with Walt’s original E.P.C.O.T. concept being reconceived as the similarly named theme park, it even introduced the public to the technology of the future throughout the ‘80s and ‘90s. Walt Disney World might not exactly be what Walt himself would have created, but it’s a triumph in its own right, and a crucial part of American culture.
And frankly, it never had to do any of that to be a success.
Disney could’ve simply recreated Disneyland in Florida. Despite a lot of commonalities, the Magic Kingdom was never a carbon copy of the original—it launched with a few notable changes and new attractions, and original plans called for a new cowboy-themed ride in place of Pirates of the Caribbean—but even if it was it would’ve still been an instant success, and a perennial favorite of eastern families who couldn’t justify flying to California for a theme park. Even without the hotels, the golf courses, or the water parks and additional theme parks, Disney World would’ve been an instantly beloved part of many families’ lives, and just as important to our culture as Disneyland itself. It could’ve been built right on International Drive in Orlando, next to any number of tacky gift shops and tourist traps, and Disney World still would have made the company countless amounts of money over the last five decades.
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